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The decline of the traditional right in France as a precondition for the success of extremism
Chalupová, Tereza ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Guasti, Petra (referee)
The topic of this thesis is an analysis of the evolution of the French traditional right, taking into account its declining support due to the growing support of French far-right extremism (National Front/National Rally) in the last 10 years. The first part of the thesis focuses on the development of the French traditional right-wing from the Great French Revolution to the beginning of the Fifth French Republic. The second part focuses on the development of the French traditional right in the context of the setting of the political system of the Fifth Republic. In particular, the focus is on the post-2012 period, since the period between 2007 and 2012 was the last time France had a right-wing president and the traditional right participated in government. The aim of the thesis is to analyse in depth the changes that the French traditional right has undergone, especially after 2012, by studying Czech and foreign language literature and other documents focusing on the issue of the French traditional right and the French party system in general, taking into account the growing support for extremism in France and thus the pressure of this movement on the original moderate right. The thesis progressively addresses the extent to which the growing support for extremism is influencing the decline of the...
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University in the time of climate crisis
Babišová, Michaela ; Novák, Arnošt (advisor) ; Wladyniak, Ludmila Maria (referee)
This qualitative diploma thesis deals with the process of establishing the sustainability agenda in the institutional context of Charles University in connection with the climate crisis. The student Initiative Universities for Climate, of which I am a part of, drew attention to the need to reconsider and change the operation of the institution with regard to its internal and external functioning during the Occupation Strike for Climate in November 2019. The initiative politicized the issue through a protest form of negotiations, forcing a wider range of actors to relate to the issue. My work is based on specific related theoretical frames, which are united by criticism of the hegemonic political system in relation to environmental issues [e.g. Swyngedouw 2011, Fisher 2009, Žižek 2006]. I place the research in the context of post-normal science, which is one of the democratization tendencies in science that open up the possibility of confronting different approaches and dialogues with different social groups. This approach reflects the entry of science into complex issues involving social issues [Funtowicz, Ravetz 2002]. In the theoretical part, I deal to a large extent with social movements with a focus on radical environmental movements [e.g. Doherty 2002, Merchant 2005, Wahlström et al. 2013, De...
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(De)politicisation in Direct Democracy: Case Study of Local Referendum in the Czech Republic
Drobil, Ondřej ; Dvořák, Tomáš (advisor) ; Škvrňák, Michael (referee)
DROBIL, Ondřej. (De)politizace v přímé demokracii: Případová studie místního referenda v ČR. Praha, 2021. 61 s. Bakalářská práce (Bc). Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta sociálních věd, Institut sociologických studií, Katedra sociologie. Vedoucí diplomové práce Mgr. Tomáš Dvořák, Ph.D. Abstract This interdisciplinary thesis deals with the processes of politicisation and depoliticisation in direct democracy. It aims to shed light on how (de)politicisation manifests itself at the level of the referendum actors' utterances and how actors use these strategies during the referendum to reproduce or change the existing ordering of the political space. The research is based on the concept of (de)politicisation as a form of political action and the premise that by the use of language as an instrument of symbolic power, one can shape the social reality. Based on the analysis of statements made by actors of a referendum held in Pilsen in 2013 and by applying critical discourse analysis approach, the following findings were made: At the level of language use, (de)politicisation occurs firstly in the sense of a shift between spheres of action or their hierarchization, through the use of a specific syntactic and semantic sentence structure, and secondly in the sense of forming of necessity or action contingency, through the use...
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Happening
Rybníčková, Alena ; PILÁTOVÁ, Jana (advisor) ; HANČIL, Jan (referee)
In this thesis I inquire into the nature and possibilities of happenings as they were practiced in the years 2010–2014 especially by political activists, who regard them as an attractive means of drawing attention to various issues. I designate these types of happenings as political happenings, analysing and interpreting their nature with the help of examples taken from my own experience.
What I see as most important is the attitude to happenings, which should be based in intention and play, as opposed to being solely guided by purpose. I consider purpose as a rational con-struct, a firm point outside the happening as such, which takes one’s mind off the event itself and tends to turn it into propaganda. For this reason I recommend to take purposes only as reference points, focusing instead on the event itself. This can be greatly facilitated by play, which frees us from the pursuit of external aims, allowing us to abide in the situation here and now. In this way both the activist and the spectator are given the opportunity to step back, gain ease, and to liberate themselves from the all too binding feeling of responsibility for the result. Of course, one cannot stay content with play, for to do so would be to turn the happening into an aimless practical joke with no proper form, and thus with little appeal. Instead, the happen-ing needs to be guided by the activist’s intention which mediates between purpose and play. Intention is a process which take purpose as its point of reference, but unlike it is grounded in the present moment and is ready to change as the situation itself develops.
Next I analyse the symbolic level of happenings, which thanks to its openness belongs to the world of play. The fact that symbols cannot be reduced to a single meaning limits their poten-tial for communication and makes them unsuitable for expressing a clear purpose, but this very fact incites the spectators to more active types of communication. A symbol does not exist in itself, it is always a part of a wider network of symbolic associations. By acting within it, the participants themselves also become parts of this network. In this way symbols come alive in human body, gestures and movements, evoking feelings and attitudes. This type of communi-cation is psychosomatic, influencing our embodied stance which forms the matrix of our con-scious attitudes. Thanks to this, symbolic action can influence both actors and spectators on a level that would be hard to reach solely by verbal explanations.
I also examine the satirical structure of happenings, which I describe as being constituted by the relation of the dominant and the subversive pattern. In addition to this I show that good satire does not just deride but is self-reflexive as well.
For an organizer of happenings it is useful to be one’s own spectator. It does not matter if the spectators do not notice all the details. What matters is whether the actors pay sufficient atten-tion to them. If they do, the effect of every single detail does not get lost even if it is not actual-ly “seen” by anyone. A happening requires the confidence that a well performed event is mean-ingful even this meaning is not easy to point out. Only with this kind of attitude will it be well grounded in its actors, and there will be a chance that it gets caught on in the spectators and will contribute to a change in their personal attitude.
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Mundane Self-Legitimizations of Power: Distribution of the Sensible in the Israeli Settlements in the West Bank
Záhora, Jakub ; Ditrych, Ondřej (advisor) ; Barša, Pavel (referee) ; Yacobi, Haim (referee)
Bibliographic Record ZÁHORA, JAKUB. Mundane Self-Legitimizations of Power: Distribution of the Sensible in the Israeli Settlements in the West Bank. Prague, 2017. 277 p. Doctoral dissertation (Ph.D.) Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Political Studies. Thesis supervisor: PhDr. Ondřej Ditrych, MPhil., Ph.D. Abstract: In this doctoral thesis I am looking into mechanisms, practices and political technologies that work to depoliticize contested and potentially disturbing realities. To make sense of these processes, I am utilizing the theoretical and conceptual apparatus derived from Foucault's and Rancière's respective works. Following Rancière, I conceptualize depolitization as a "distribution of the sensible", a particular ordering of what is presented to the senses and thus made intelligible, "obvious" and "natural". Understanding such arrangements in terms of a governmental programme, I focus mostly on material and visual elements of the dispositif that promotes this depoliticizing rationality. Empirically, I am investigating the case of the Israeli so-called non-ideological settlements in the West Bank. Despite some popular misconceptions, these communities attract Israelis by offering cheap public services and housing rather than for their religious-nationalistic...
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